Application

Lipopolysaccharide has been used: as a treatment to stimulate acute lung injury in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells as an agonist for toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and to stimulate intestinal normal fibroblasts (NFs) to study osteopontin (OPN) expression in myofibroblasts to study its effects on pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant genes expression in endothelial cells

Biochem/physiol Actions

LPS and its lipid A moiety stimulate cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which recognizes common pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).Additionally, it was demonstrated that the mechanisms by which LPS from E. coli and P. gingivalis modulate cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) surface expression, primary and secondary cytokine responses are different.Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative bacterium that is known to be involved in adult periodontitis. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the recession of the supportive tissue surrounding teeth. Studies have shown that the LPS from P. gingivalis plays an important role in this disease.A recent study demonstrated that LPS from P. gingivalis stimulates insulin secretion by the pancreatic β cell line, MIN6. In the presence of 5 mM glucose and 50-500 ng/mL LPS from P. gingivalis, a significant induction of insulin secretion was observed.

General description

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis. It differs from LPS from Escherichia coli in its structure and various functional activities.

Preparation Note

LPS from P. gingivalis is soluble in water and cell culture medium DMEM (1-5 mg/mL), yielding a clear solution.